RFC-compliant email address validator
Download the validatorThis is a free PHP function to validate an email address against the various relevant internet RFCs.
The Validators - head-to-head
result = unexpected result
Percent correct
100%
55%
50%
first.last@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first.last@sub.do,com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Mistyped comma instead of dot (replaces old #3 which was the same as #57)
Source: Rob
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
"first\"last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first\@last@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Escaping can only happen within a quoted string
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"first@last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"first\\last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
x@x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x2
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Total length reduced to 254 characters so it's still valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678@12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789.12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789.123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123.example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Total length reduced to 254 characters so it's still valid
Source: RFC 3696 erratum 1690
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 erratum 1690
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:::12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:::12.34.56.78]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333::4444:12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333::4444:12.34.56.78]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:12.34.56.78]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:::1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:::1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333::4444:5555:6666]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333::4444:5555:6666]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@x23456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123.example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@x23456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123.example.com
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@1xample.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@123.example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890@12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789.12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789.12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789.12.example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Entire address is longer than 254 characters
Source: RFC 3696 erratum 1690
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: No @
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part more than 64 characters
Source: Dominic Sayers
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345@example.com
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
.first.last@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part starts with a dot
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
first.last.@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part ends with a dot
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
first..last@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part has consecutive dots
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"first"last"@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part contains unescaped excluded characters
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"first\last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Any character can be escaped in a quoted string
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"""@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part contains unescaped excluded characters
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"\"@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part cannot end with a backslash
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
""@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part is effectively empty
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
first\\@last@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Local part contains unescaped excluded characters
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
first.last@
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: No domain
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
x@x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456789.x23456
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Domain exceeds 255 chars
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[.12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Only char that can precede IPv4 address is ':'
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[12.34.56.789]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Can't be interpreted as IPv4 so IPv6 tag is missing
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[::12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 tag is missing
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv5:::12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 tag is wrong
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv5:::12.34.56.78]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333::4444:5555:12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: RFC 4291 disagrees with RFC 5321 but is cited by it
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333::4444:5555:12.34.56.78]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Not enough IPv6 groups
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:12.34.56.78]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:12.34.56.78]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Too many IPv6 groups (6 max)
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:12.34.56.78]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Not enough IPv6 groups
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:9999]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Too many IPv6 groups (8 max)
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:9999]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222::3333::4444:5555:6666]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Too many '::' (can be none or one)
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222::3333::4444:5555:6666]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333::4444:5555:6666:7777]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: RFC 4291 disagrees with RFC 5321 but is cited by it
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333::4444:5555:6666:7777]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:333x::4444:5555]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: x is not valid in an IPv6 address
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:333x::4444:5555]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:33333::4444:5555]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: 33333 is not a valid group in an IPv6 address
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:33333::4444:5555]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@example.123
Expected result: Valid
Comment: TLD can't be all digits
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Mail host must be second- or lower level
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@-xample.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Label can't begin with a hyphen
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@exampl-.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Label can't end with a hyphen
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@x234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234.example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Label can't be longer than 63 octets
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@x234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234.example.com
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
"Abc\@def"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (February 2004)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"Fred\ Bloggs"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (as amended by erratum 2005-07-09)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"Joe.\\Blow"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (as amended by erratum 2005-07-09)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"Abc@def"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (as amended by erratum 2005-07-09)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"Fred Bloggs"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (February 2004)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
user+mailbox@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (February 2004)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
customer/department=shipping@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (February 2004)
customer/department=shipping@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
$A12345@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (February 2004)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
!def!xyz%abc@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (February 2004)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
_somename@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: RFC 3696 (February 2004)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
dclo@us.ibm.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Valid
Invalid
Valid
abc\@def@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: This example from RFC 3696 was corrected in an erratum
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
abc\\@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: This example from RFC 3696 was corrected in an erratum
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
peter.piper@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
Doug\ \"Ace\"\ Lovell@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Escaping can only happen in a quoted string
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Doug\ \"Ace\"\ Lovell@example.com
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"Doug \"Ace\" L."@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Valid
Valid
Invalid
abc@def@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
abc\\@def@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
abc\@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: No local part
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
doug@
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
"qu@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
ote"@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
.dot@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
dot.@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
two..dot@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"Doug "Ace" L."@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
Doug\ \"Ace\"\ L\.@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Doug\ \"Ace\"\ L\.@example.com
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
hello world@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
gatsby@f.sc.ot.t.f.i.tzg.era.l.d.
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Doug Lovell says this should fail
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
gatsby@f.sc.ot.t.f.i.tzg.era.l.d.
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
test@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
TEST@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
1234567890@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
test+test@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
test-test@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
t*est@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
+1~1+@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
{_test_}@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"[[ test ]]"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
test.test@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"test.test"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
test."test"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Obsolete form, but documented in RFC 5322
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"test@test"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
test@123.123.123.x123
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
test@123.123.123.123
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Top Level Domain won't be all-numeric (see RFC 3696 Section 2). I disagree with Dave Child on this one.
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
test@[123.123.123.123]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
test@example.example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
test@example.example.example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dave Child
test@example.example.example.com
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
test.example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
test.@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
test..test@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
.test@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
test@test@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
test@@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
-- test --@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: No spaces allowed in local part
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
[test]@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Square brackets only allowed within quotes
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"test\test"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Any character can be escaped in a quoted string
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"test"test"@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Quotes cannot be nested
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
()[]\;:,><@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Disallowed Characters
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
test@.
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Dave Child says so
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
test@example.
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Dave Child says so
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
test@.org
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Dave Child says so
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
test@123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: 255 characters is maximum length for domain. This is 256.
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
test@example
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Dave Child says so
Source: Dave Child
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
test@[123.123.123.123
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Dave Child says so
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
test@123.123.123.123]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Dave Child says so
Source: Dave Child
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
NotAnEmail
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Phil Haack says so
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
@NotAnEmail
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Phil Haack says so
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
"test\\blah"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"test\blah"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Any character can be escaped in a quoted string
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"test\ blah"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Quoted string specifically excludes carriage returns unless escaped
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"test blah"@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Quoted string specifically excludes carriage returns
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"test\"blah"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"test"blah"@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Phil Haack says so
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
customer/department@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Phil Haack
customer/department@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
_Yosemite.Sam@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
.wooly@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Phil Haack says so
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
wo..oly@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Phil Haack says so
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
pootietang.@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Phil Haack says so
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
.@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Phil Haack says so
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"Austin@Powers"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
Ima.Fool@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"Ima.Fool"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"Ima Fool"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
Ima Fool@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Phil Haack says so
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
phil.h\@\@ck@haacked.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Escaping can only happen in a quoted string
Source: Phil Haack
Invalid
Valid
Valid
"first"."last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"first".middle."last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
"first".middle."last"@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"first\\"last"@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Contains an unescaped quote
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"first".last@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: obs-local-part form as described in RFC 5322
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first."last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: obs-local-part form as described in RFC 5322
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"first"."middle"."last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: obs-local-part form as described in RFC 5322
Source: Dominic Sayers
"first"."middle"."last"@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"first.middle"."last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: obs-local-part form as described in RFC 5322
Source: Dominic Sayers
"first.middle"."last"@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"first.middle.last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: obs-local-part form as described in RFC 5322
Source: Dominic Sayers
"first.middle.last"@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"first..last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: obs-local-part form as described in RFC 5322
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
foo@[\1.2.3.4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: RFC 5321 specifies the syntax for address-literal and does not allow escaping
Source: Cal Henderson
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
"first\\\"last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first."mid\dle"."last"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Backslash can escape anything but must escape something
Source: Dominic Sayers
first."mid\dle"."last"@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
Test. Folding. Whitespace@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Test. Folding. Whitespace@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first."".last@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Contains a zero-length element
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
first\last@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Unquoted string must be an atom
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
Abc\@def@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Was incorrectly given as a valid address in the original RFC 3696
Source: RFC 3696 erratum 246
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
Fred\ Bloggs@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Was incorrectly given as a valid address in the original RFC 3696
Source: RFC 3696 erratum 246
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
Joe.\\Blow@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Was incorrectly given as a valid address in the original RFC 3696
Source: RFC 3696 erratum 246
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:12.34.567.89]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv4 part contains an invalid octet
Source: Cal Henderson
first.last@[IPv6:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:12.34.567.89]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
"test\ blah"@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Folding white space can't appear within a quoted pair
Source: Cal Henderson
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
"test blah"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: This is a valid quoted string with folding white space
Source: Phil Haack
Valid
Valid
Invalid
{^c\@**Dog^}@cartoon.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: This is a throwaway example from Doug Lovell's article. Actually it's not a valid address.
Source: Doug Lovell (LinuxJournal, June 2007)
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
(foo)cal(bar)@(baz)iamcal.com(quux)
Expected result: Valid
Comment: A valid address containing comments
Source: Cal Henderson
(foo)cal(bar)@(baz)iamcal.com(quux)
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
cal@iamcal(woo).(yay)com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: A valid address containing comments
Source: Cal Henderson
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
"foo"(yay)@(hoopla)[1.2.3.4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Address literal can't be commented (RFC 5321)
Source: Cal Henderson
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
cal(woo(yay)hoopla)@iamcal.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: A valid address containing comments
Source: Cal Henderson
cal(woo(yay)hoopla)@iamcal.com
Valid
Valid
Valid
cal(foo\@bar)@iamcal.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: A valid address containing comments
Source: Cal Henderson
Valid
Valid
Valid
cal(foo\)bar)@iamcal.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: A valid address containing comments and an escaped parenthesis
Source: Cal Henderson
Valid
Valid
Valid
cal(foo(bar)@iamcal.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Unclosed parenthesis in comment
Source: Cal Henderson
Invalid
Valid
Valid
cal(foo)bar)@iamcal.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Too many closing parentheses
Source: Cal Henderson
Invalid
Valid
Valid
cal(foo\)@iamcal.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Backslash at end of comment has nothing to escape
Source: Cal Henderson
Invalid
Valid
Valid
first().last@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: A valid address containing an empty comment
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first.( middle )last@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Comment with folding white space
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.( middle )last@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first(12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890)last@(1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890)example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Too long with comments, not too long without
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first(Welcome to the ("wonderful" (!)) world of email)@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Silly example from my blog post
Source: Dominic Sayers
first(Welcome to the ("wonderful" (!)) world of email)@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
pete(his account)@silly.test(his host)
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Canonical example from RFC 5322
Source: RFC 5322
pete(his account)@silly.test(his host)
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
c@(Chris's host.)public.example
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Canonical example from RFC 5322
Source: RFC 5322
c@(Chris's host.)public.example
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
jdoe@machine(comment). example
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Canonical example from RFC 5322
Source: RFC 5322
jdoe@machine(comment). example
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
1234 @ local(blah) .machine .example
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Canonical example from RFC 5322
Source: RFC 5322
1234 @ local(blah) .machine .example
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first(middle)last@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Can't have a comment or white space except at an element boundary
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
first(abc.def).last@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Comment can contain a dot
Source: Dominic Sayers
first(abc.def).last@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first(a"bc.def).last@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Comment can contain double quote
Source: Dominic Sayers
first(a"bc.def).last@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first.(")middle.last(")@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Comment can contain a quote
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.(")middle.last(")@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first(abc("def".ghi).mno)middle(abc("def".ghi).mno).last@(abc("def".ghi).mno)example(abc("def".ghi).mno).(abc("def".ghi).mno)com(abc("def".ghi).mno)
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Can't have comments or white space except at an element boundary
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first(abc\(def)@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Comment can contain quoted-pair
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
first.last@x(1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890).com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Label is longer than 63 octets, but not with comment removed
Source: Cal Henderson
first.last@x(1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890).com
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
a(a(b(c)d(e(f))g)h(i)j)@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Cal Henderson
a(a(b(c)d(e(f))g)h(i)j)@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
a(a(b(c)d(e(f))g)(h(i)j)@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: Braces are not properly matched
Source: Cal Henderson
a(a(b(c)d(e(f))g)(h(i)j)@example.com
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
name.lastname@domain.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Paul Gregg
Valid
Valid
Valid
aaa@[123.123.123.123]
Expected result: Valid
Source: Paul Gregg
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
aaa@[123.123.123.123]a
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: extra data outside ip
Source: Paul Gregg
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
aaa@[123.123.123.333]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: not a valid IP
Source: Paul Gregg
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
+@b.c
Expected result: Valid
Comment: TLDs can be any length
Source: Paul Gregg
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
"hello my name is"@stutter.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Paul Gregg
"hello my name is"@stutter.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
"Test \"Fail\" Ing"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Paul Gregg
"Test \"Fail\" Ing"@example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
valid@special.museum
Expected result: Valid
Source: Paul Gregg
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
invalid@special.museum-
Expected result: Invalid
Source: Paul Gregg
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
shaitan@my-domain.thisisminekthx
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Disagree with Paul Gregg here
Source: Paul Gregg
shaitan@my-domain.thisisminekthx
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
test@...........com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: ......
Source: Paul Gregg
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
foobar@192.168.0.1
Expected result: Valid
Comment: ip need to be []
Source: Paul Gregg
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
"Joe\\Blow"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Paul Gregg
Valid
Valid
Invalid
Invalid \ Folding \ Whitespace@example.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: This isn't FWS so Dominic Sayers says it's invalid
Source: Paul Gregg
Invalid \ Folding \ Whitespace@example.com
Invalid
Valid
Invalid
HM2Kinsists@(that comments are allowed)this.is.ok
Expected result: Valid
Source: Paul Gregg
HM2Kinsists@(that comments are allowed)this.is.ok
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
user%uucp!path@somehost.edu
Expected result: Valid
Source: Paul Gregg
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
"first(last)"@example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Valid
Invalid
( x ) first ( x ) . ( x) last ( x ) @example.com
Expected result: Valid
Source: Dominic Sayers
( x ) first ( x ) . ( x) last ( x ) @example.com
Valid
Valid
Invalid
test. obs@syntax.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: obs-fws allows multiple lines
Source: George Pollard
Valid
Valid
Valid
test. obs@syntax.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: obs-fws allows multiple lines (test 2: space before break)
Source: George Pollard
Valid
Valid
Valid
test. obs@syntax.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: obs-fws must have at least one WSP per line
Source: George Pollard
Invalid
Valid
Valid
"null \ "@char.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: can have escaped null character
Source: George Pollard
Valid
Valid
Valid
"null "@char.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: cannot have unescaped null character
Source: George Pollard
Invalid
Valid
Valid
null\ @char.com
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: escaped null must be in quoted string
Source: George Pollard
Invalid
Valid
Valid
cdburgess+!#$%&'*-/=?+_{}|~test@gmail.com
Expected result: Valid
Comment: Example given in comments
Source: cdburgess
cdburgess+!#$%&'*-/=?+_{}|~test@gmail.com
Valid
Valid
Valid
first.last@[IPv6:::a2:a3:a4:b1:b2:b3:b4]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: :: only elides one zero group (IPv6 authority is RFC 4291)
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:::a2:a3:a4:b1:b2:b3:b4]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:a3:a4:b1:b2:b3::]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: :: only elides one zero group (IPv6 authority is RFC 4291)
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:a3:a4:b1:b2:b3::]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:::]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::::]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::b4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:::b4]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::::b4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::b3:b4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:::b3:b4]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::::b3:b4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::b4]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:::b4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:::]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2::]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:::]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:cdef::]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:cdef::]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:CDEF::]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:CDEF::]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:::a3:a4:b1:ffff:11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:::a3:a4:b1:ffff:11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:::a2:a3:a4:b1:ffff:11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: :: only elides one zero group (IPv6 authority is RFC 4291)
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:::a2:a3:a4:b1:ffff:11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:a3:a4::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:a3:a4::11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:a3:a4:b1::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: :: only elides one zero group (IPv6 authority is RFC 4291)
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:a3:a4:b1::11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6::11.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6::::11.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1:11.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1::11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1:::11.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2::11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:::11.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:cdef::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:cdef::11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:cdef::11.22.33.xx]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:cdef::11.22.33.xx]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:CDEF::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:CDEF::11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:CDEFF::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:0123:4567:89ab:CDEFF::11.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::a4:b1::b4:11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1::a4:b1::b4:11.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::11.22.33]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1::11.22.33]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::11.22.33.44.55]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1::11.22.33.44.55]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::b211.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1::b211.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::b2:11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Valid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1::b2:11.22.33.44]
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::b2::11.22.33.44]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1::b2::11.22.33.44]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1::b3:]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::a2::b4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:a3:a4:b1:b2:b3:]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6:a1:a2:a3:a4:b1:b2:b3:]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
first.last@[IPv6::a2:a3:a4:b1:b2:b3:b4]
Expected result: Invalid
Comment: IPv6 authority is RFC 4291
Source: Dominic Sayers
first.last@[IPv6::a2:a3:a4:b1:b2:b3:b4]
Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
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